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Old 01-15-2008, 10:13 PM
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I have a request in over at Kaspersky (KIS) as to the nature of the Prefetch directory. Regardless, I have been running KIS 7.0 now for about a month (you get a month free). I bought it. Kicks butt compared to Norton and Macafee. I'm not saying Norton and Macafee are not good. But I love the fact that KIS has a VERY small footprint, no tentacles, and a responsive users forum for Q&A. Try that at Norton and Macafee. PCMAG rates all three at the top.

So, with KIS running, I could care less what is in Prefetch... but I am asking about it. BTW, if you ever decide to use KIS on and "older" system, one where the OS has been installed for over a year, I would just start over (rebuild). Too much malware seems to have figured out how to build up "pre-defenses" against new intallations of security s/w.

I read somewhere that a computer (fresh build) connected to the Internet (via cable, etc) with no firewall and no virus protection will become hopelessly infected within minutes. There is so much crap out there.

Mike
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Old 01-15-2008, 10:22 PM
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from: http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/is...l/default.aspx

Based on this, I am not sure I understand how this can mess up your system. In fact, by deleting this stuff, it would appear that you are SLOWING down your system, at least for a while anyway until it is reconstructed.

Mike


Prefetch
All versions of Windows except real-mode Windows 3x are demand-paged operating systems, where file data and code is faulted into memory from disk as an application attempts to access it. Data and code is faulted in page-granular chunks where a page's size is dictated by the CPU's memory management hardware. A page is 4KB on the x86. Prefetching is the process of bringing data and code pages into memory from disk before it's demanded.
In order to know what it should prefetch, the Windows XP Cache Manager monitors the page faults, both those that require that data be read from disk (hard faults) and those that simply require that data already in memory be added to a process's working set (soft faults), that occur during the boot process and application startup. By default it traces through the first two minutes of the boot process, 60 seconds following the time when all Win32 services have finished initializing, or 30 seconds following the start of the user's shell (typically Microsoft Internet Explorer), whichever of these three events occurs first. The Cache Manager also monitors the first 10 seconds of application startup. After collecting a trace that's organized into faults taken on the NTFS Master File Table (MFT) metadata file (if the application accesses files or directories on NTFS volumes), the files referenced, and the directories referenced, it notifies the prefetch component of the Task Scheduler by signaling a named event object.
The Task Scheduler then performs a call to the internal NtQuerySystemInformation system call requesting the trace data. After performing post-processing on the trace data, the Task Scheduler writes it out to a file in the \Windows\Prefetch folder. The file's name is the name of the application to which the trace applies followed by a dash and the hexadecimal representation of a hash of the file's path. The file has a .pf extension, so an example would be NOTEPAD.EXE-AF43252301.PF.
An exception to the file name rule is the file that stores the boot's trace, which is always named NTOSBOOT-B00DFAAD.PF (a convolution of the hexadecimal-compatible word BAADF00D, which programmers often use to represent uninitialized data). Only after the Cache Manager has finished the boot trace (the time of which was defined earlier) does it collect page fault information for specific applications.
When the system boots or an application starts, the Cache Manager is called to give it an opportunity to perform prefetching. The Cache Manager looks in the prefetch directory to see if a trace file exists for the prefetch scenario in question. If it does, the Cache Manager calls NTFS to prefetch any MFT metadata file references, reads in the contents of each of the directories referenced, and finally opens each file referenced. It then calls the Memory Manager to read in any data and code specified in the trace that's not already in memory. The Memory Manager initiates all of the reads asynchronously and then waits for them to complete before letting an application's startup continue.
How does this scheme provide a performance benefit? The answer lies in the fact that during typical system boot or application startup, the order of faults is such that some pages are brought in from one part of a file, then from another part of the same file, then pages are read from a different file, then perhaps from a directory, and so on. This jumping around results in moving the heads around on the disk. Microsoft has learned through analysis that this slows boot and application startup times. By prefetching data from a file or directory all at once before accessing another one, this scattered seeking for data on the disk is greatly reduced or eliminated, thus improving the overall time for system and application startup.


Figure 1 Prefetch Directory

To minimize seeking even further, every three days or so, during system idle periods, the Task Scheduler organizes a list of files and directories in the order that they are referenced during a boot or application start, and stores the list in a file named \Windows\Prefech\Layout.ini. Figure 1 shows the contents of a prefetch directory, highlighting the layout file. Then it launches the system defragmenter with a command-line option that tells the defragmenter to defragment based on the contents of the file instead of performing a full defrag. The defragmenter finds a contiguous area on each volume large enough to hold all the listed files and directories that reside on that volume and then moves them in their entirety into that area so that they are stored one after the other. Thus, future prefetch operations will even be more efficient because all the data to be read in is now stored physically on the disk in the order it will be read. Since the number of files defragmented for prefetching is usually only in the hundreds, this defragmentation is much faster than full defragmentations.
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Old 01-16-2008, 02:34 AM
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Mike,

I didn't say that they have to be removed, but I can tell no difference in the speed or operation with them in. And I have traced some problems I have had to a file in the prefetch folder. Leave them in as most people do. I just have this carry over from the days of the old, small drives where every byte counts and to me they are an unnecessary bunch of files which can eventually number over 100 that the disk heads have to move over. And as I said anything that the computer does, it will put them right back in. But you may have many from stuff that is gone or you will never use again just taking up space. But with today's huge hard drives, space isn't a problem unless you get so much crap on them that the heads have to hunt all over to find stuff. You are correct that if you leave them in and defrag the disk they won't normally cause any problem, but as I stated earlier in this post I have traced a couple of problems back to a prefetch file and deleted just that file and the computer put in a new one and everything was ok then. I have tried timing my computers with them in and with them removed and with a digital stop watch that reads into the hundredths of a second, I have never noticed enough change to make any difference to me. But, I don't use my computers any more for a lot of stuff that I used to. Another thing that I do which I am sure most people will disagree with is every month or so I clean out System Restore and set a restore point for that day. And if you ever get a virus, some of it can be stored in these restore points. Just ask Ernie.

Ron
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Old 01-16-2008, 06:26 AM
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Where are the system restore points located? I agree with that.

Another thing that irritates me is the $Install... crap in the Windows directory... supposedly so the system can be rolled back after one of those automatic updates...

BTW, my concern with the notion of "Prefetch" had to do with some browsers that "guess" where a user will go during a session and go to those sites invisibly to make loading seem much snappier. I think Firefox or Opera does this...

Mike
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Old 01-16-2008, 06:37 AM
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Mike,

To clean out the system restore points that have been created, if you have the My Computer icon on your desktop, just right click it and at the bottom click on Properties. That will bring up a few pages and the tab of one of has System Restore on it. Bring that page to the top and you can then disable System Restore, do a defrag and that will get rid of all the stuff it has stored to that date. Then go back and enable it and it will automatically put in a restore point for the date you do this. You can also set the size you want it to be on the disk. Windows bases it's space reserved on your disk size and always defaults to the largest. I set mine down to a smaller size which frees up more disk space to use. And once in a while I will go in and clean out my Page File which will have junk stored from removed programs and such.

Ron
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