Can you name this Component and its function?

[GVS]

As a former automotive fuel system engineer, Gaz64's description makes sense. However, this is a complicated system. This might be a retrofit for a former carbureted engine (low pressure fuel system) with an older-technology return-style EFI. There are easier, more reliable ways to plumb & supply fuel for EFI. Modern EFI fuel systems have an in-tank fuel filter and a controlled in-tank high pressure pump with internal regulator and one fuel line to the engine. Prior to this, most systems had an in-tank pre-filter, constant pressure fuel pump with internal regulator, external fuel filter, fuel feed and return lines (late 1980s to mid 2000s). This type of system is easier to retrofit to an older vehicle.

OEM in-tank pumps are more reliable and keep fuel cooler than an external fuel pump. With that said, OEM in-tank pumps require careful selection and fuel tank fabrication to make them work. My "hot rod" uses a stock fuel tank, external pump and external fuel filter as it is an easier solution (and it is an occasional use vehicle). It's been fine for 11 years and 7000 miles of driving.

I am not familiar with a "Fodge EFI" and could not find information online about it. What type of fuel injection is this? What is its operating pressure?